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71.
An offshore vessel with a dynamic positioning system (DP system) needs fast response to produce thrust to counteract the environmental forces acting on it for the purpose of maintaining its position and heading as close as possible to the working position. Therefore, quick and effective modulation of the thrust is the problem to determine the thrust and the rotation angle of the thruster devices of the ship. This paper presents an effective optimum control for a thruster system, using the sequential quadratic method to achieve economical and effective modulation of the thrust and the direction of the thruster. An optimum control study of a 2280 tons DP coring vessel with five rotary azimuth thruster marine positioning is studied in detail, which can quickly and exactly estimate the thrusts and angles of direction of all the thrusters. The results can provide a valuable thruster system for a dynamically positioned vessel. 相似文献
72.
A new set of equations of motion for wave propagation in water with varying depth is derived in this study. The equations expressed by the velocity potentials and the wave surface elevations include first-order non-linearity of waves and have the same dispersion characteristic to the extended Boussinesq equations. Compared to the extended Boussinesq equations, the equations have only two unknown scalars and do not contain spatial derivatives with an order higher than 2. The wave equations are solved by a finite element method. Fourth-order predictor–corrector method is applied in the time integration and a damping layer is applied at the open boundary for absorbing the outgoing waves. The model is applied to several examples of wave propagation in variable water depth. The computational results are compared with experimental data and other numerical results available in literature. The comparison demonstrates that the new form of the equations is capable of calculating wave transformation from relative deep water to shallow water. 相似文献
73.
74.
This article describes absolute calibration results for both JASON-1 and TOPEX Side B (TSB) altimeters obtained at the Lake Erie calibration site, Marblehead, Ohio, USA. Using 15 overflights, the estimated JASON altimeter bias at Marblehead is 58 ± 38 mm, with an uncertainty of 19 mm based on detailed error analysis. Assuming that the TSB bias is negligible, relative bias estimates using both data from the TSB-JASON formation flight period and data from 48 water level gauges around the entire Great Lakes confirmed the Marblehead results. Global analyses using both the formation flight data and dual-satellite (TSB and JASON) crossovers yield a similar relative bias estimate of 146 ± 59 mm, which agrees well with open ocean absolute calibration results obtained at Harvest, Corsica, and Bass Strait (e.g., Watson et al. 2003). We find that there is a strong dependence of bias estimates on the choice of sea state bias (SSB) models. Results indicate that the invariant JASON instrument bias estimated oceanwide is 71 mm, with additional biases of 76 mm or 28 mm contributed by the choice of Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS) SSB or Center for Space Research (CSR) SSB model, respectively. Similar analysis in the Great Lakes yields the invariant JASON instrument bias at 19 mm, with the SSB contributed biases at 58 mm or 13 mm, respectively. The reason for the discrepancy is currently unknown and warrants further investigation. Finally, comparison of the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission (1992-2002) data with the Great Lakes water level gauge measurements yields a negligible TOPEX altimeter drift of 0.1 mm/yr. 相似文献
75.
北部湾地形、底质特征与渔场分布的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
北部湾作为南海北部重要水域.属于热带和亚热带半封闭海湾.湾内地形地貌以及底质特征复杂。鱼类资源丰富。北部湾渔区的划分与地形地貌、底质特征存在密切联系.为更好的了解渔业生物的生活史、空间配布以及北部湾的渔业资源特点本文进行了初步的基础研究。为北部湾的渔业资源开发提供了科学依据。 相似文献
76.
天津市海洋经济中港口产业发展研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作为海洋经济的重要组成部分,港口经济的发展为天津市海洋经济的跨越式发展提供了非常有利的契机。要尽快实现天津港口经济健康、有序、可持续的发展,为天津滨海新区的开发开放提供更强有力的支持,从而实现建设北方国际航运中心和国际物流中心的目标。综合近年来海洋统计的成果,以AHP法为分析方法,对天津港口经济的现状和发展趋势作探讨和研究,指出天津港口经济在未来发展中需要注意的问题,并提出初步解决方案。 相似文献
77.
78.
This paper reports the season, environmental conditions and pattern of spawning, fecundity and hatching amount of king crab, Trachypleus tridentatus. The egg-diameter of this animal has seasonal variations, which is different from that reported in foreign countries. The egg cleavage of the animal is in the transitional pattern from holoblastic cleavage to surface division. Egg cleavage occurs firstly on one pole with false cleavage furrows, the number of division nucleus increases continuously which move outward from the yolks to form into a layer of blastomere on the surface of the blast together with some of egg plasma. The blastomere formed into the blastoderm and the polygonal cells encircled in this cell layer is equal to the "yolk cells" of insects during the period of egg cleavage. The formation of the periblas-tula is the result of egg cleavage. This paper makes application of the technique of vital staining in exploring the properties of the stained particles. The death of the blasts after stai 相似文献
79.
80.
On low-pass digital filters in oceanography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
-Two types of filters are widely used to remove semidirunal and diurnal tidal signals and other high frequency noises in oceanography. The first type of filters uses moving average with weights in time domain, and can be easily operated. Some data will be lost at each end of the time series, especially for the low low-pass filters. The second type of filters uses the discrete Fourier transform filter (DFTF) which operates in the frequency domain, and there are no data loss at the ends for the forward transform. However, owing to the Gibbs phenomenon and the discrete sampling (Nyquist effect) , ringing appears in the inverse transformed data, which is especially serious at each end. Thus some data at the ends are also discarded. The present study tries to find out what causes the ringing and then to seek for methods to overcome the ringing. We have found that there are two kinds of ringings, one is the Gibbs phenomenon, as defined before. The other is the "Nyquist"ringing due to sampling Nyquist critical 相似文献